PCBA怎么清洗,PCBA清洗工艺流程

  大部分的中小型代工厂或生产制造工厂基于成本的考虑,还是采用传统手工刷洗的清洗方式。即用防静电刷沾清洗剂在PCB上刷洗,将PCB倾斜成45°角,用刷子从上往下刷,让清洗剂溶解残留后随清洗剂流下去。主要用于局部清洗或对于有些PCB上有不能清洗的元件的PCBA的清洗,此工艺方法虽然简单,但效率低下,清洗剂消耗量大。 对于知名的代工厂或大型生产制造工厂陆续重新考虑清洗工艺,配置相应的离线式清洗机或在线式清洗机,以设备清洗替代人工清洗,保证PCBA清洗品质。

  


  在实际的清洗过程中,经常会出现手工焊接的PCBA,在放置后出现板面发白现象,白色印迹散布在焊点周围异常突出,或者波峰焊焊接的PCBA板面清洗出现暗污印迹严重影响外观验收,不符合标准。 白色残留物在PCBA上是常见的污染物,一般多为焊剂的副产物。常见的白色残留物是聚合松香,未反应的活化剂以及焊剂与焊料的反应生成物氯化铅或溴化物等,这些物质在吸潮后,体积膨胀,部分物质还与水发生水合反应,白色残留日趋明显,这些残留物吸附在PCB上除去异常困难,若过热或高温时间长,出问题更严重,从焊接工艺前后的PCB表面的松香及残留物的红外光谱分析结果证实了这一过程。

  

  在组装过程中,对于电子辅料极有可能使用了含卤素的助焊剂(虽说供应商提供的都是环保助焊剂,但完全不含卤素的助焊剂还是比较少的),焊接后板面残留有卤素类离子(F、Cl、Br、l)。这些离子状卤素残留物,本身不是白的,也不足以导致板面泛白。这类物质遇水或受潮后生成了强酸,这些强酸开始和焊点表面的氧化层起反应,就生成了酸盐,也就是看到的白色物质。


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